What is ureter cancer?

Ureter cancer, medically referred to as ureteral cancer, is an uncommon form of cancer that specifically targets the inner lining of the ureter. The ureter serves as the conduit connecting the kidneys to the bladder. Ureter cancer typically originates in the cells lining the inner wall of the ureter and can spread to nearby tissues and organs if left untreated.

What are the symptoms of ureter cancer?

The indications of ureter cancer can exhibit variability, and during the early stages of ureter cancer, individuals with ureter cancer may not display any noticeable symptoms. However, as the condition advances, the following signs and symptoms may manifest:

• The primary symptom frequently observed in ureter cancer is an indication of blood in the urine, known as haematuria. The urine may appear pink, red, or rusty brown.
• Flank pain or back pain, often on one side of the body, may occur due to the tumour pressing against surrounding structures.
• Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs) or urinary urgency.
• Unexplained weight loss.
• Fatigue and loss of appetite.

What causes ureter cancer?

The exact cause of ureter cancer is unclear, but some factors may potentially increase the risk of developing this condition:

• Smoking: The use of tobacco is a significant risk factor for ureter cancer.
• Exposure to certain chemicals: Long-term exposure to chemicals such as aromatic amines, which are found in dyes, plastics, and other industrial products, may increase the risk.
• Chronic irritation: Conditions that cause long-term irritation or inflammation of the urinary tract, such as kidney stones or urinary tract infections, may play a role in the development of ureter cancer.
• Age and gender: Ureter cancer is frequently observed in individuals aged 60 and above, with a higher likelihood of occurrence in men compared to women.

Treatment of ureter cancer:

The treatment of ureter cancer depends on various factors, including the stage of the cancer, overall health, and individual preferences. Treatment options may include:

• Surgery: The main approach to treat ureter cancer involves surgically removing the affected ureter, nearby lymph nodes, and potentially the kidney and bladder. Minimally invasive techniques like laparoscopic or robotic-assisted surgery may be employed in certain cases.
• Chemotherapy : This treatment utilises drugs to eliminate cancer Chemotherapy can be utilised in different ways as part of the treatment plan. It can be administered before surgery (neoadjuvant) to shrink the tumour size, after surgery (adjuvant) to eliminate any residual cancer cells, or as the primary treatment for advanced stages.
• Radiation therapy: High-energy beams such as X-rays or protons are utilised to target and eradicate cancer To optimise treatment efficacy, radiation therapy can be combined with either surgery or chemotherapy.
• Targeted therapy: These medications are designed to specifically target abnormalities within cancer cells, effectively disrupting their growth and survival. Targeted therapies may be used in cases where the cancer has spread or when other treatments are ineffective.