What is a laparoscopy?

Laparoscopy is a less invasive surgical technique that enables medical professionals to examine and address abdominal organs by utilising a laparoscope—a slender, flexible tube fitted with a camera and light source. This procedure involves creating small incisions through which the laparoscope and specialised surgical instruments are introduced.

The camera provides high-definition images of the internal organs, enabling the surgeon to diagnose conditions and perform various surgical interventions with precision. Compared to traditional open surgery, laparoscopy offers benefits such as reduced postoperative pain, shorter recovery time, and smaller scars. It is commonly used in procedures like gallbladder removal, hernia repair, and diagnostic explorations.

When is a laparoscopy indicated?

Laparoscopy is frequently utilised for identifying and diagnosing the causes of pelvic or abdominal pain when non-invasive methods are inconclusive. Although imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI scans can often diagnose abdominal issues, a laparoscopy becomes necessary when these tests fail to provide sufficient information.

Additionally, the procedure may involve taking a tissue sample (biopsy) from a specific abdominal organ. A laparoscopy allows doctors to examine organs such as the appendix, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, intestines, spleen, and reproductive organs. By utilising a laparoscope, doctors can identify abdominal masses or tumours, detect fluid accumulation, assess liver disease, evaluate treatment effectiveness, and determine the stage of certain cancers. Immediate interventions can also be performed following diagnosis.

What does a laparoscopy entail?

During a laparoscopy procedure, a laparoscope, which resembles a telescope, is passed through a keyhole incision in the abdominal wall to access the abdomen. This instrument consists of a thin tube with a bright light and a fibre-optic camera that transmits images to a video monitor.

Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery receive general anaesthesia, ensuring they are unconscious and pain-free.

The incision is typically made just below the belly button, and a cannula, a small tube, is inserted. CO2 gas is used to inflate the abdomen, aiding the doctor in examining the internal organs. The camera is inserted through the cannula or port, while additional ports are used for the insertion of surgical instruments. The number and size of ports vary based on the specific procedure.

Following the surgery, the incisions are either stitched or closed with surgical tape and then covered with a bandage.