What is kidney cancer?

Renal cancer, commonly referred to as kidney cancer, is a prevalent form of cancer that originates within the kidneys. It is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers affecting the urinary system. The development of kidney cancer arises from the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells within the kidneys, leading to the formation of tumours. Renal cell carcinoma is the most prevalent subtype, constituting approximately 90% of all kidney cancer cases. This condition primarily affects adults, with the average age of diagnosis occurring in the 60s.

 What are the symptoms of kidney cancer?

In the early stages, kidney cancer often does not cause noticeable symptoms. However, as the tumour grows larger, common symptoms may include:

• Blood in the urine (haematuria)
• Persistent pain in the back or side
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue and loss of appetite
• Lump or swelling in the abdomen
• Fever not caused by any other illness
• Anaemia (low red blood cell count)

What causes kidney cancer?

The precise cause of kidney cancer is not always definitively known. Nevertheless, specific factors can elevate the risk of developing this condition:

• Smoking: The act of smoking cigarettes significantly heightens the risk of kidney cancer, with smokers having a greater likelihood of developing the disease compared to non-smokers.
• Obesity: Being overweight or obese amplifies the risk of kidney cancer, potentially attributed to hormonal changes and chronic inflammation.
• Hypertension: Persistent high blood pressure over an extended period can elevate the risk of kidney cancer.
• Genetic Factors: People who have inherited genetic conditions like von Hippel-Lindau disease or hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma may be at a higher risk of developing kidney cancer.
• Environmental Exposures: Occupational exposure to specific substances, such as asbestos, cadmium, and organic solvents, may enhance the risk of kidney cancer.

Treatment of kidney cancer:

The treatment of kidney cancer depends on various factors, including the stage and extent of the disease. Common treatment options include:

• Surgery: The primary treatment for kidney cancer is the surgical removal of the tumour and affected kidney (partial or radical nephrectomy).
• Targeted Therapy: To impede the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, targeted medications like tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors are employed.
• Immunotherapy: This therapeutic approach employs medications that bolster the immune system's ability to target and combat cancer
• Radiation Therapy: In certain instances, radiation therapy may be employed to eradicate cancer cells or alleviate symptoms associated with the disease.
• Cryoablation or Radiofrequency Ablation: These minimally invasive procedures involve destroying the tumour by freezing or heating it.