What is overactive bladder?

An overactive bladder is a urological disorder characterised by the involuntary contraction of the bladder muscles, resulting in a compelling and abrupt urge to urinate. It can result in urinary frequency (the need to urinate more often than usual), urgency (the urgent need to urinate immediately), and sometimes urinary incontinence (involuntary leakage of urine).

Symptoms of overactive bladder

The primary symptoms of an overactive bladder include:

• Urinary urgency: A span, sudden, and difficult-to-control urge to urinate.
• Urinary frequency: Frequent urination, typically more than eight times in a 24-hour period.
• Nocturia: Waking up multiple times during the night to urinate.
• Urge incontinence: Involuntary urine leakage due to the inability to reach the bathroom in time.

Causes of overactive bladder

While the exact cause of an overactive bladder is not fully understood, several factors can contribute to its development. These may include:

• Age: OAB becomes more common with advancing age, as bladder muscles may weaken over time.
• Nerve problems: Conditions such as diabetes, stroke, or multiple sclerosis can affect the nerves that control bladder
• Bladder abnormalities: Structural or functional abnormalities in the bladder or urinary tract can contribute to OAB symptoms.
• Medications: Certain medications, such as diuretics or drugs used to treat hypertension, can increase urinary frequency and urgency.

Treatment options for overactive bladder

Thankfully, several treatment options are available to manage and alleviate the symptoms of overactive bladder. These include:

• Medications: Your healthcare provider may prescribe medications that relax the bladder muscles or reduce bladder contractions, effectively managing OAB symptoms.
• Nerve stimulation: In some cases, electrical nerve stimulation or sacral nerve stimulation may be recommended to regulate bladder function.
• Invasive procedures: In severe cases that don't respond to conservative treatments, surgical interventions like bladder augmentation or urinary diversion may be considered.

If you are encountering symptoms of overactive bladder that have a notable impact on your quality of life or raise concerns, it is advisable to seek medical attention for a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate guidance.