What is semen analysis?

Semen analysis is a diagnostic procedure employed to assess the vitality and characteristics of semen, which comprises sperm cells. It provides valuable information about a man's fertility potential and is commonly performed to assess male reproductive health. The analysis examines various parameters of semen, including sperm count, motility (movement), morphology (shape), and other factors that can impact fertility.

When is semen analysis done?

Semen analysis is typically recommended for couples experiencing difficulty conceiving a child. It is an essential tool in assessing male infertility and identifying potential causes. Additionally, semen analysis is often performed as part of pre-vasectomy or pre-vasectomy reversal evaluations to establish a baseline measure of fertility. Furthermore, it can also be conducted to monitor the effectiveness of certain treatments or interventions aimed at improving fertility.

How is semen analysis performed?

Semen analysis involves a straightforward and non-invasive procedure. Below is a broad outline of the analysis procedure:

• Sample Collection: A semen sample is obtained by ejaculating it into a sterile container. The sample should be collected after two to seven days of sexual abstinence to ensure accurate results. It is important to avoid any lubricants or condoms that may interfere with the analysis.
• Laboratory Processing: Once the sample is collected, it is taken to a specialised laboratory for analysis. The lab technician will handle the sample with care to maintain its integrity during processing.
• Macroscopic Examination: The semen sample is first examined visually for volume, colour, and consistency. Normal semen is typically whitish-grey and has a slightly viscous, gel-like consistency.
• Sperm Count: The laboratory assesses sperm count, which refers to the number of sperm cells presents in a given volume of semen. A higher sperm count is generally associated with increased fertility
• Sperm Motility: The motility of sperm cells is evaluated to determine their ability to swim and reach the egg for fertilisation. Motility is categorised as progressive, non-progressive, or immotile, indicating the quality of movement.
• Sperm Morphology: The morphology analysis examines the shape and structure of sperm cells. Abnormalities in sperm shape may hinder their ability to fertilise an egg.
• Other Parameters: Additional factors, such as semen pH (acidity), volume liquefaction time, and the presence of white blood cells or other debris, may also be assessed to provide a comprehensive evaluation.
• Consultation: Following the analysis, a medical practitioner will interpret the findings and engage in discussion with the patient to explain the results.

Semen analysis is a valuable tool in assessing male fertility and diagnosing potential issues. It provides critical information to healthcare providers, aiding in the development of appropriate treatment plans to optimise the chances of conception. If you have any concerns regarding fertility, it is recommended to seek guidance from a healthcare professional who can assist you in undergoing semen analysis and offer personalised recommendations based on your individual circumstances.