What is pyeloplasty?

Pyeloplasty is a surgical procedure to correct a condition called ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. In this context, "pyelo" refers to the renal pelvis, which is a vital component of the kidney, while "plasty" denotes a surgical technique aimed at repairing, restoring, or replacing a particular anatomical structure.

When is a pyeloplasty indicated?

Pyeloplasty is a surgical procedure that is indicated to address ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. This condition pertains to an obstruction or constriction occurring at the point where the ureter connects with the renal pelvis, which is responsible for urine collection within the kidney.

It can be indicated for individuals across all age groups, encompassing both adults and children. Among newborns, it is notable that approximately one out of every 1500 babies are born with UPJ obstruction, and interestingly, this condition occurs more frequently in males, with a ratio of twice as many affected males compared to females.

For infants, if the UPJ obstruction persists beyond 18 months of age without improvement, medical professionals often recommend pyeloplasty as an appropriate treatment approach. However, it is crucial to recognise that UPJ obstructions can also develop in older children, teenagers, and adults. In these cases, if the obstruction leads to impaired kidney function, pyeloplasty may be necessary to restore normal urinary flow and preserve renal health.

How is pyeloplasty performed?

For babies and infants, during an open pyeloplasty, the procedure is performed by making a two to three-inch incision just below the ribs. This incision is larger older children and adults. The obstructed segment of the ureter is carefully removed, and then the normal ureter is reattached to the renal pelvis. To facilitate urine drainage from the kidney, a small silicone tube called a stent is inserted. Once the healing process is complete, the stent will be removed.